In this section, we want to answer the most frecuent questions and problems stated by our clients. Our intention is to periodically bring this section up to date, with a view to giving generic technical support 24 hours a day.
¿DEAERATION OR DEGASIFICATION?
Both concepts refer to equipments that removes dissolved gases from boilers feedwater.

Nevertheless, for better understanding, we can say:

DEAERATOR or DEAERATOR-HEATER, is used when the objetive is to remove O2 and CO2 by heating with steam.

DEAERATOR is the equipment that only removes carbon dioxide (CO2) and it is installed between cation and anion exchangers. It always works at room temperature and only requires a counter current flow of oil-free air. It is filled with Raschig, Pall or similar rings.

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TYPES OF DEAERATOR-HEATERS
Mainly, there are two types:

a) Spray-Scrubber type deaerator-heater.
b) Spray-Tray type deaerator-heater.

The main difference is that the second ones allows to operate with a very low increase of temperature, even 5,5ºC (10ºF) compared to 14ºC (25ºF) in a Spray-Scrubber deaerator-heater. Tray type has not pressure fall and because of that its output is better than the spray.

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¿WHAT IS A REACTA-PAK?
It is a very complete equipment to make water drinkable, since clarification, chemical dosage and filtration system is included in the same REACTA-PAK. It is ESPECIALLY SUITABLE for small populations that are close to rivers, lakes, wells, etc.

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¿WHAT DOES THE REACTIVATOR INVOLVE?
This equipment is able to clarify river or lake water thanks to an internal system that allows not only the disponsal of the sludge but also the reduction of alkalinity by the cold lime process of water.

The REACTIVATOR is able to archieve a turbidity lower than 10 ppm.

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DIFFERENT FILTER TYPES
In order to work with REACTIVATOR, GRAVER has a variety of filtration systems, in order to develop a real "no pump" system:
MONOVALVE FILTERS (Low turbidity)
MONOSCOUR FILTERS (High turbidity)
MONOFLOC FILTERS (Coloidal)

These filters can also be used as independent filtration systems.

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¿WHY USE GRAVITY FILTERS?
The MONOVALVE type filters store its own backwash water and, therefore, avoiding the use of pumps (is not necessary) for this operation. They can be used after a REACTIVATOR without requiring pumping or intermediate storage tank. Generally, the price is lower than a pressure filter because his weight is lower and require less number of valves.

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ASH SILOS UNLOADING SYSTEMS. ¿DRY OR WET-TYPE UNLOADING?
Depending on the alternative chosen the ash will be conveyed by a different mean of transport in order to avoid dust during the handling process.

Dry type unloading is discharged by a tanker lorry, meanwhile wet type unloading requires a dampener and it is discharged by an open lorry.

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¿WHAT IS A SUBMERGED CHAIN CONVEYOR? (S.C.C.)
It is a redler type conveyor. The area receiving bottom ash is flooded in order to cool material and ease ulterior handling of ash in a safe way.

The submerged chain conveyor is essential when discharging material from boiler at a very high temperature.

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GRAVER ESPAÑOLA, S.A.
Last updating: 2005
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